Risk Training - the Neglected Part of Project Management Essay

Hazard Training - the Neglected Part of Project Management - Essay Example As per the examination discoveries, it can, accordingly, be said that individual degree of hazard resistance might be displayed in pretty much every part of one’s venture. This is on the grounds that the two businesses and people will in general have various observations on hazard resilience. For instance, you may see putting $25,000 in the securities exchange as savvy choice relying upon your level hazard resistance, while another speculator may disregard this venture choice since their degree of hazard resilience might be significantly low when contrasted with mine. Connectively, if $25,000 speaks to an extensive portion of your persons’ pay, you may experience a high-chance factor. Actually, if $25,000 comprises just 10% of the absolute pay, the hazard factor will be irrelevant. Numerous investors’ see financial exchange as a hazardous endeavor because of unpredictability and variance of the stock costs just as the monetary conditions. In this way, such unpred ictability in stock costs may cause the two people to differ intervals of their degrees of hazard resistance. For the most part, people will in general disparage or overestimate the seriousness of characteristic hazard that may thusly open them to unbearable hazard levels. Along these lines, it is indispensable for people to comprehend innate hazard is an elusive factor and consequently apply a suitable procedure to decide their degrees of hazard resilience. For example, polls might be created to assist people with deciding their degrees of hazard tolerance.There are a few factors that impact the degrees of hazard resilience a portion of those elements incorporate; individual wellbeing, age and the probability of recuperating from money related troubles.

Name Micah Delo Essays - Harry Houdini, Spiritualism, Escapologists

Name: Micah Delo Title of Book: The Great Houdini; Magician Extraordinary Creator: Beryl Williams and Samuel Epstein Distributer: Julian Messner Where Published: New York At the point when Published: 1966 Number of pages: 178 1. Who is the subject of the book? The subject of my book is Ehrich Weiss, otherwise called the ?Great Houdini?. 2. What parts of the book made it agreeable? Well I truly loved a portion of his stunts and celebrated departures. I likewise enjoyed the manner in which he and his better half never quit attempting to discover a bazaar or act to play at. They never got down on themselves for not getting a demonstration to play at. 3. Express the subject's most extraordinary character quality. Refer to prove from the book to help your announcement. Houdini's most exceptional character attribute was his perseverence. Once, when Ehrich was urgently attempting to advance the demonstration he called The Houdini Brothers, which was generally ineffective. His disappointments were especially demoralizing with the demise of his dad, not long after the new profession was propelled. He was left with expanded awareness of other's expectations for his family and particularly for his mom. He would not surrender. Some other time he got a demonstration at Tony Pastor's show. Pretty much the best show around. He performed better than he at any point had. At the point when he asked Mr. Minister for an underwriting the man pulled out a piece of paper and composed, ?Satisfactory and fascinating?. He took Mr. Minister's announcement to twelve operators, yet the specialists just gestured and gave it back. He didn't surrender, and h alf a month later he got a challenge to perform with Welsh Brothers' Circus. At last, he didn't get down on himself for getting things done at a market for a large portion of his initial life to get cash to eat and pay the lease. 4. Give straight to the point analysis of the story including explanations behind your announcements. In certain pieces of the book the sentences ran on until the end of time. At the point when I arrived at the finish of them, I saw them as trivial. 5. Compose a rundown of the book. Feature the individual's triumphs and disappointments. Ehrich Weiss was conceived on April 6, 1874. Only a couple of months before the Weiss family had moved to the United States from Hungary. They settled in Appleton, Wisconsin. In Hungary his dad was an exceptionally regarded instructor; however here in Appleton it was extraordinary. Here he was a more unusual and uninformed of numerous things they themselves underestimated. Ehrich took his expert last name from that of the French entertainer Jean Eugene Robert-Houdin. Houdini started his vocation in 1882 as a trapeze entertainer. Later he got popular for his exhibitions of accomplishments of enchantment. He demonstrated incredible capacity in removing himself from binds, ropes, bolted trucks, and obligations of any kind. At one time he had himself tied and them secured a pressing case, which was bound with steel tape and dropped into the harbor off the Battery in New York City. Houdini showed up on the outside of the water in 59 seconds. Houdini credited every one of his accomplishments of enchantment to common, physical impacts. He additionally clarified what number of his stunts were performed. He uncovered the stunts of fake spiritualistic mediums, regularly creating ?spiritualistic? marvels himself that he clarified in nonmystical, physical terms. Before he passed on, Houdini organized a complete trial of mysticism. He concocted a ten-word code that he would impart to his better half, if conceivable, inside ten years after his demise. After he kicked the bucket, different mediums kept up that they had the option to set up contact with him, however none had the option to transmit to his significant other the prearranged code. He left his library of enchantment, one of the most important on the planet, to the Library of Congress. Among his compositions are The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin, Miracle Mongers and their Methods, and A Magician Among the Spirits. A determination of his works, Houdini on Magic, showed up af ter death in 1954. He performed until his demise in 1926.

Blog Archive GMAT Impact What to Do During the Last Two Weeks Before the GMAT

Blog Archive GMAT Impact What to Do During the Last Two Weeks Before the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series, Manhattan Preps  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Application season is here, and many candidates are gearing up to take the GMAT. Are you aware that during the last 7 to 14 days before you take the real test,  your entire study focus changes? Most people have no idea and keep doing more of the sameâ€"trying to fix weaknesses and lift their scores. While that should be your focus up until the last week or two, if you continue to focus on weaknesses during the last length of time, you will not likely be able to maximize your score on test day. Why? You’ve been studying an enormous number of things, right? (Sometimes, it seems like it will never end!) Toward the end of our study time frame, we have to take time to do two very important things: build a game plan and conduct a comprehensive review. To learn how to construct a game plan, take a look at the first part of this article:  â€œThe Last 14 Days: Building Your Game Plan (Part 1).” That article contains a link to the second half, which discusses how to conduct a review of your strengths and weaknesses, as well as your timing and other strategies. Ideally, you will take a full 14 days for this process, but you can compress the activities into seven to ten days if need be. Just do not try to do it all in seven days; you will have to cut down on the amount of review you do to avoid tiring yourself out before Game Day. Good luck and happy studying! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact What to Do During the Last Two Weeks Before the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Application season will soon be here again, and many candidates are gearing up to take the GMAT. Are you aware that during the last seven to 14 days before you take the real test,  your entire study focus changes? Most people have no idea and keep doing more of the sameâ€"trying to fix weaknesses and lift their scores. While that should be your focus up until the last week or two, if you continue to focus on weaknesses during the last length of time, you will not likely be able to maximize your score on test day. Why? You have been studying an enormous number of things, right? (Sometimes, it seems like it will never end!) Toward the end of our study time frame, we have to take time to do two very important things: build a game plan and conduct a comprehensive review. To learn how to construct a game plan, take a look at the first part of this article:  â€œThe Last 14 Days: Building Your Game Plan (Part 1).” That article contains a link to the second half, which discusses how to conduct a review of your strengths and weaknesses, as well as your timing and other strategies. Ideally, you will take a full 14 days for this process, but you can compress the activities into seven to ten days if need be. Just do not try to do it all in seven days; you will have to cut down on the amount of review you do to avoid tiring yourself out before Game Day. Good luck and happy studying! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact What to Do During the Last Two Weeks before the GMAT When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Application season is fast approaching, and many candidates are gearing up to take the GMAT soon. Are you aware that during the last 7 to 14 days before you take the real test, your entire study focus changes? Most people have no idea and keep doing more of the sameâ€"trying to fix weaknesses and lift their scores. While that should be your focus up until the last week or two, if you continue to focus on weaknesses during the last length of time, you will not likely be able to maximize your score on test day. Why? You’ve been studying an enormous number of things, right? (Sometimes, it seems like it will never end!) Toward the end of our study time frame, we have to take time to do two very important things: build a game plan and conduct a comprehensive review. To learn how to construct a game plan, take a look at the first part of this article: The Last 14 Days: Building Your Game Plan (Part 1). That article contains a link to the second half, which discusses how to conduct a review of your strengths and weaknesses, as well as your timing and other strategies. Ideally, you will take a full 14 days for this process, but you can compress the activities into seven to ten days if need be. Just do not try to do it all in seven days; you will have to cut down on the amount of review you do to avoid tiring yourself out before Game Day. Good luck and happy studying! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Project Management Related Deliverables Business Case Essay

Project Characteristics and Requirements: 1. Increased shipping destinations 2. Cost Saving 3. Time reduction 4. Simplicity of operation 5. Flexibility – ability to expand and adapt Summary of Project Deliverables Project management-related deliverables: Business case, charter, team contract, scope statement, WBS, schedule, cost baseline, status reports, final project presentation, final project report, lessons-learned report, and any other documents required to manage the project. Product-related deliverables: research reports, design documents, software code, hardware, etc. 1. Structural documents These include the documents highlighting the main features of the way the port will be structured to manage many operations. 2. Structural Layout/ drawings/ schematics This refers to the mapping of the whole project and the different locations. Project Success Criteria: The success of the project can be based on some criteria. One of the criteria is whether the project was accomplished within the planned time and cost. The other criterion concerns the output. In this case, if the output matches the expected in terms of the amount of cost saving. If the project generates the required amount, then it was successful. Project Charter Project Title: Relocation of Headquarters Projected Start Date: 01FEB2016 Projected Finish Date: 13JAN2017 Project Objectives: †¢ One of the objectives of the project is to ensure that there is significant cost savingShow MoreRelatedProject Plan For Project Management1342 Words   |  6 Pagesunder the broad direction of the project manager independently with the opportunity for reasonable autonomy and accountability for the achievement of project outcome along with best practices in project management methodologies. The below statement briefly captures my project management skills and qualities that I would like to be bring it across into the project life span to deliver projects within time, resource and budget constraints. †¢ During the project initiation phase, I can work collaborativelyRead MoreRelocation And Merger Of Three Branches Of India Travel Inc.814 Words   |  4 PagesProject Charter Project Name: Relocation and Merger of Three Branches of India Travel Inc., in Mumbai East Date: 21/03/2016 Introduction: India Travel Inc. (ITI) is a company which specializes in escorted luxury and small tour and travel packages for discriminating clients. It operates from three different locations in Mumbai. For the past three years, ITI had been experiencing exceptional growth in this business segment. To take this opportunity to next level, company’s executive team planning toRead MoreWoodys 2000 Project Outline1175 Words   |  5 PagesWOODYS 2000 PROJECT - OUTLINE 1.0 Introduction: The Woody 2000 project came up as a result of a mini boom in commercial construction activities and the intention of the management of Woody’s (real name Custom woodworking Company) to cash in on the opportunity by improving production efficiency by expanding their existing manufacturing space by 25%,including computer controlled automation, improving the facilities by adding air conditioning, a dust free paint / finishing shop with additional compressorRead MoreEssay about Fbi Case Study1297 Words   |  6 PagesFBI Case Study Assignment #1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Project Overview 3 The key issues related to the failure of the project: 4 Resolution 4 Relevance to IT Project Management: 5 Key Takeaways: 7 Research Approach 7 References 8 Executive Summary: The â€Å"Who Killed the Virtual Case File?† case study is a clear example of project failure which resulted on not only balloon the cost of the project, but also loss that could be counted on millions of dollars. BecauseRead More Project Management is an Art Form NOT a Science Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesProject Management: Art to the Rescue! Is project management more of a science or more of an art form? Introduction Today’s business executives are asking their managers and employees â€Å"to do more†¦ with less†. Fewer Project Managers are leading more projects with poor results, the latest Standish Group – Chaos Report shows that only 28% of IT projects succeed. Many believe that the key to Project success in not applying technical management principles, but rather, more artful soft skillsRead MoreKey Stages Of The Project Cycle1109 Words   |  5 Pagesfour (4) key stages of the project cycle. Your response MUST describe the key activities involved in EACH stage: Stage 1:Initiation: Develop a business case which describes the business opportunity or issue and present to management. Once approved, then commence feasibility study to research the issue/opportunity and possible solutions. Document solutions and decide upon preferred option. Identify objectives and scope of solutions. Document all project deliverables and impact on stakeholdersRead MoreTraditional Systems Development Life Cycle Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Today, many project managers and organizational leaders grapple with the question, is the traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and the supporting Project Management Life Cycle (PMLC) processes relevant for todays projects? Depending on the level of completeness of the specifics known at the time the Requirements Breakdown Structure (RBS) is developed, a choice is needed to be made as to the appropriate approach to plan and manage the project. Hence, an agile approach couldRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Petro Oil Company1463 Words   |  6 Pagesprovider for consumers that is delivered in a timely manner. However, before any products or services are produced products have to meet the requirements of the company objectives which include satisfying the external economic environment. Petro Inc. deliverables are a major source for countless customers and suppliers. Petro Inc. is a powerful heating and air conditioning company that has been in existence since 1903. The com pany has built its reputation on the invention of the oil burner in CaliforniaRead MoreProject Report On Signal Boosting Using Small Cells Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary This project report helps to understand the project on SIGNAL BOOSTING USING SMALL CELLS. The main aim of this project is to enhance the signal strength of a carrier network in areas where there will be low network coverage in and around MSU. This can be achieved using small cells which acts as network boosters. Thus, people can make use of this product despite of low network. Each small cell is able to boost signal of a particular carrier, so different small cells are used forRead MoreSimple Rules : A Successful Within Project Management787 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Simple Rules are guidelines to follow to be successful within project management. Having Simple Rules can give the venture a more noteworthy shot of succeeding. 1.1 10 Simples Rules These are ten of the best principles to take after inside venture administration: 1. Be Agile Customary venture administration procedures are turned out to be excessively inflexible, bureaucratic, and tedious for now s dynamic business condition. Truth be told, these philosophies can conflict with IT divisions

The Dystopian Society of Oceania in the Novel 1984 by...

Power over the mind and power over the past are both necessary to ensure power over the population. Both language and power are crucial to controlling the population and since language has the power in politics to mask the truth and mislead the public, one could use them both to increase public awareness of this power. In the dystopian society of Oceania in George Orwells novel 1984, Orwell gives readers a glimpse at how power and language relationship can be used to gain control of the public. In order to display one’s dominance, power is the key factor that should be displayed to gain control over the public. In the novel â€Å"The Party† has the power and control over the population. The Party promulgates the idea that whatever government is in power has the power to control everything that is, that was, and everything that ever will be. The Party seems to be imposing a tension between two different types of discourse, or two different attitudes to the uses of language through which the world is represented to the people of Oceania. Their slogan Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past,† is a prime example of how they use language to control the population (p.37). The Party use slogans such as â€Å"big brother is watching† to ensure that there is no deviation from Big Brother’s doctrine. This also gives the party a sort of god-like power because it seems as though they are always watching and will always know when someone sins. OneShow MoreRelatedTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 PagesUsed in 1984 A dystopia is a society which is characterized by misery, oppression, and unhappiness. Likewise, a totalitarian government neither allow parties to have different opinions nor freedom with a centralized government, therefore totalitarianism and dystopian societies are similar. In 1984, written by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dictator who gives the Oceanian population no personal freedoms and strictly dominates all of the country for their own selfish ways. Unlike Oceania, the UnitedRead MoreSetting The Standards Of A Genre873 Words   |  4 PagesSetting the Standards of a Genre: An Analysis of 1984 George Orwell’s 1984 depicts a society in which all the people involved are gradually losing all sense of individuality. The novel follows Winston Smith, a member of the outer party in this dystopian society. As an individual, he has been forced to believe the rules of the society he lives in. In Oceania, the country in which he resides, people believe what they are told to believe. Everyone follows the strict beliefs of the party and Big BrotherRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreAnalysis Of Alan Parsons s Eye Of The Sky 1071 Words   |  5 Pageswas also kind of 1984 syndrome. The album’s theme revolves around a cautionary tale about the loss of individualism. It is all about the ‘Big Brother’ idea, previously touched upon in works such as George Orwell’s famous novel 1984. George Orwell novel 1984 was written to warn us, about the potential danger of facing a society of automatons who will have lost every trace of individuality, of love, of critical thought, and yet who will not be aware of it because of â€Å"doublethink† (1984 –Eric Fromm 326)Read MoreAnalysis Of 1984 By George Orwell1022 Words   |  5 Pagesof the People of Oceania 1984 was written by a British writer and journalist, George Orwell. Orwell created the novel, based off of the main protagonist, Winston, who tries to overcome the malicious obstacles of the politcal regime, is faced with judgements and mistreatments from the Party. One need only to apply the epithet of Big Brother to a government or organization in order to conjure up the nightmarish oppression so vividly portrayed in Orwells most famous novel. 1984 depicts a fictionalRead MoreConsider how the natural development of narrative techniques in George Orwell’s 1984 creates a600 Words   |  3 Pagestechniques in George Orwell’s 1984 creates a theme of individualism verses state. What was the point in writing such an obvious theme, since a dystopia is the prime example of an imperfect world? He uses extremely well-developed techniques to demonstrate the dystopian society. Specifically, Orwell uses symbols as well as the setting to thoroughly contribute to the idea of a tot alitarian state in his dystopian society; the ideas are in symbolic objects, themes, and characters. Orwell clearly suggestsRead MoreThe Role Of Government In 1984 By George Orwells 1984812 Words   |  4 Pages These tactics are very similar to those used in the novel, 1984 by George Orwell. In the novel, Orwell depicts a dystopian society named Oceania (modern day London) where the citizens lives are completely controlled and surveyed by the government. The main character, Winston Smith, after living in the society for roughly forty years, comes to a realization that the government is unjust, and must be stopped. Moreover, in the novel 1984, Orwell argues that the manipulation of minds can lead to ultimateRead MoreEnglish Year 11 Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe texts you have studied? In your response you should relate to your prescribed text (1984) and ONE related text. Power can be defined as many types ranging from physical, psychological, love, status or government. With power comes great responsibility. If power is not controlled, negative consequences could be developed. This is noticeable through the 2 texts that have been analysed, George Orwell 1984 and Disney Pixar Film WALL E. In both these texts, countless types of power can be extractedRead More1984 Dystopian Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesAli College Prep Senior English Mr Arcuri 7th September 2017 Why 1984 is a Dystopian novel A dystopian novel is a story relating to or denoting an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one. 1984 by George Orwell, is indeed a dystopian novel as it describes a nightmare vision of future society which is opposite to a perfect world. George Orwell creates this image using a few different techniques including, the languageRead More1984: From Socialism to Dystopia1224 Words   |  5 Pages George Orwell wrote 1984 to make a political statement about Socialism (Davison 1). In this novel, the author extrapolates the socialist movements of the 1920s to the point where they control three â€Å"superstates† that make up the world. The novel follows the story of Winston Smith, who is a middle class worker in Oceania, the superstate controlled by The Party. He is a non-conformist, who disagrees with the ideals and the actions of The Party, and decides to take action against it. The Party is the

Newtown Sports Center Marketing Plan - 3132 Words

Introduction Background Information Newtown Sports Centre is a community Leisure facility located within the grounds of Newtown High School. You have been tasked with developing a strategic marketing plan for the centre for the next 3 years. The centre broadly comprises of the following facilities: - 6 badminton court sports hall Activity/party room Refreshment area (vending machines only) Health Suite Large fitness suite 2 floodlit outdoor multi-sports games courts The centre currently operates a varied programme of activities . In general, these include casual hire of facilities (badminton, netball, 5-a-side etc), instructed classes (aerobics, other fitness classes), fitness training, childrens parties, club hire, junior†¦show more content†¦Other public - including directly managed school provision, neighbouring local authority facilities and private contractors of local authority venues. Specifically for Newtown, four main competitors have been identified that are seen as having the greatest effect on income and usage. The competitors and the analysis of their market position tells us the following: - The Swimerama - Council owned with management contracted out to private operator. Fitness gym, but less well equipped than Newtown. Main draw to centre likely to be for swimming pool. Major investment required to centre as a whole. Fountain Health Club - Privately owned and managed. Part of a chain of clubs. Core activity is Fitness, with large range of equipment and classes. Exclusivity of a private club. No sports hall, more expensive. Also has draw of a swimming pool. Premier Soccer Centre - As name suggests, heavily geared towards football. Specialist facility in a niche market. Modern complex, also offers childrens parties. Little attraction for non-footballers. Bayhurst School Sports Hall - Managed directly by the neighbouring District Council, offers a range of instructed classes/ sports and court hire. No fitness gym. Strategic Necessities Strategic Necessities are the basic requirements that all providers will need fulfil to stay in business. These elements are therefore critical to the success of the centre and can be summarised as follows: - A safe environment Good standard ofShow MoreRelatedMock Business Plan - Crossfit5933 Words   |  24 Pages Chris Chapple Business Plan MG 530 4/30/2012 Table of Contents: 1. Executive Summary a. Mission Statement b. Company Information c. Service d. Financial Information e. Future Plans 2. Description of the Business f. Nature of the Business g. Target Market h. How Product/Services Meet Needs 3. Competitive Analysis i. CrossFit Gyms j. Other Gyms 4. Industry Description and Outlook 5. Marketing Plan k. Market PenetrationRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activities [1.2] 6.5.1 Bar and milestone charts 6.5.2 Critical path method (.2) 6.5.2.6 Lead and lag activities [6.2.3] F.3 Project duration Chapter 14 Project closure Closure report 4.5.1.4 OrganizationRead MoreCommunication Management Challenges in Construction Project Execution63139 Words   |  253 Pagestools for efficient implementation of construction projects. However, it is through the understanding of the entire process of project management that these specialists can respond more effectively to the owner s desires for their services, in marketing their specialties, and in improving the productivity and quality of their work. The introduction of innovative and more effective project management for construction is not an academic exercise. As reported by the Construction Industry Cost Effectiveness

Importance of Corporate Governance and OECD Samples †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Corporate Governance and OECD. Answer: Introduction The assignment focuses upon the importance of corporate governance within the context of a business organization. The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines corporate governance as relationship among a companys board, management, shareholders and different stakeholders. It provides a structure for setting the objectives of the company and the means of attaining the objectives. The assignment further studies the importance of structural changes within the business context. For the current assignment, the Baby Bunting Group Company Limited (BBGCL) have been chosen which is an Australia based nursery retailer and one-stop baby shop. The company had been found and run as a family owned business organization. However, recently the majority shares of the company had been undertaken by the Government making it a public sector Company. The aim was to provide baby care products to the new born to 3 years of age at affordable prices. It further analyses the legislative requirements and the impact of the same upon controlling the internal procedures within the organization. Requirement of corporate structural changes The changes in the structures and policies of corporate governance helps in meeting with the business objectives of the organization such as protecting company assets from accidental losses, to ensure reliability of financial information, promote an environment where the staff and themanagement can maximize their productivity for the benefits of the organization (Ball et al. 2013). There are a number of reasons based upon which the corporate governance policies of a company or business organization are restructured. Some of these have been discussed within the context of the assignment such as change in management. In this respect, BBGCL have been changing its governance from that of a private retailer store to a public sector undertaking (Babybuntingcorporate 2017). Therefore, the change in ownership called for revision of the corporate governance policies of the company. In this respect, the reduction of the commodities sold by the retail group can incur sufficient amount of losses. Therefore, new policies need to be laid out where adequate resources and funds are provided by the government. The policies and pricing needs to be transparent which will prevent the overseas customer from paying more for the products sold (Too and Weaver 2014). The retail group therefore needs to clearly mention its pricing policies and terms of services and conditions over its w eb portals to prevent any forms of ethical breach. Purpose of corporate governance activities The corporate governance activities can help the board in understanding the overall organizational oversights and objectives. The attributes of the corporate governance helps in analysing the financial risks. The corporate governance framework helps in focussing upon the important issues and deal with them within limited time frame and resources (Tricker and Tricker 2015). The activities of corporate governance help to mitigate conflicts of interest and to ensure that the assets of the company are productively used in the best interest of the investors and stakeholders. The BBGCL may be facing a lot of conflicts within the international market owing to change of power. The governance activities help in upholding the organizational interests (Alexander et al. 2014). This further provides the company with an upper hand over its similar market players. Directors duties The responsibilities of the directors within the context of corporate governance could be described over here as follows. The Board of directors has the authority for resolving matters related to strategic decision making (Young and Thyil 2014). They are also responsible for monitoring the performance of the seniormanagement and employees within the retail outlet. The director plays a crucial role in planning andmanagement of the merger and acquisition activities. In the present context, the directors of the BBGCL need to daft the business objectives and present the governing objectives in front of the government. ASIC legislative requirements The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is an Australian government body that that acts as a corporate regulator that acts as a corporate regulator. Here, the ASIC is responsible for enforcing and regulating the financial resources of the company (Asic 2017). The goal of ASIC is to unite the corporate regulators across Australia. The following legislative requirements as established by ASIC could be followed by BBGCL such as- Promotion of informed participation by consumers and investors in the financial system Administration of law within the business establishments with procedure and hazards Make up-to-date information about the company available to the public Review of current internal control procedures The internal control procedures of the BBGCL have been discussed as follows. Some of these policies have been found to possess loopholes and gaps and needs to be reviewed or modified for the maximization of the organization productivity. Some of these are segregation of duties, implementation of authorisation procedures, maintenance of adequate records and documents, implementation of physical control for safeguarding the assets of the company, conducting independent verifications (Khan et al. 2014). However, there are issues arising with respect to implementation of the authorisation procedures and conducting of independent verification with respect to merger and acquisition. In this respect, BBGCL had been taken over by the government enterprises resulting in chaotic situations where the company cannot conduct internal verifications except in emergency situation. This becomes limitation on the part of the business organization where they cannot practise sufficient autonomy within their own operations. procedures for controlling handling of cash receipts and payments For preventing frauds and errors in the handling of cash receipts and payments a number of risk control methods could be followed. Some of the assessment tools which could be implemented over here are the Risk control Matrix. It serves as the audit plan and identifies the plausible risks that the organizations might be facing. Some of the test control results which had been applied by the BBGCL are use of electronically read barcodes indicating the specificities of the product along with the prices. It helps in accurate regirding of transaction data in much real time across large databases and prevents frauds. Conclusion The corporate governance consists of list of factors and attributes based upon which an organization is controlled and directed. The implementation of the governance policies ensures legal compliance and prevents unlawful activities or behaviour within the organization. The BBGCL follows a one-to-many relationship for establishment of a result between one control test and many control results by application of the control tests against multiple items. The multiple number of options taken into consideration which helps in focussing upon the long term strategies which could be used for mitigating the financial risks suffered by the company. References Alexander, J.L., Smith, K.A., Mataras, T., Shepley, S.B. and Ayres, K.M., (2015). A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature to Evaluate Potential Threats to Internal Validity in Probe Procedures for Chained Tasks.The Journal of Special Education,49(3), pp.135-145. Asic (2017), Asic , Available at : https://www.asic.gov.au/about-asic/ [Accessed on 26 Nov. (2017)] Babybuntingcorporate (2017), Babybuntingcorporate , Available at : https://www.babybuntingcorporate.com.au/about-us [Accessed on 28 Nov. (2017)] Ball, A., Grubnic, S. and Birchall, J., (2014). 11 Sustainability accounting and accountability in the public sector.Sustainability accounting and accountability, p.176. Drennan, L.T., McConnell, A. and Stark, A., (2014).Risk and crisis management in the public sector. Abingdon: Routledge, p.25. Khan, A., Muttakin, M.B. and Siddiqui, J., (2014). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures: Evidence from an emerging economy.Journal of business ethics,114(2), pp.207-223. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., (2014). The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., (2015).Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 15-25. Young, S. and Thyil, V., (2014). Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance: Role of context in international settings.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.1-24.

Walmart Design of Goods and Services

Introduction Walmart is multinational retailer organization that runs chains of storeroom in America, and most successful profitable business enterprise. Through the use of information technology, Walmart tracks its product growth and adjusts to a database to reflect the local demand of the products. Waltmart collectively uses information technology center for products in the stores and distribution center to manage stock level (Barrow-man, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart Design of Goods and Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How product design applied in decision-making of Wal-Mart? The product design is the process of coming up with technique to advance on existing merchandises. It is an information intensive undertaking that has become progressively in today global competitive environment. Product design controls the characteristics and performance of the products consumer’s desire s. Product design ‘aimed’ at improving actual value of the products and ‘appears’ to customer’s affordable price. Walmart maintains inclusive contribution of all partners like suppliers to participate in product design, when outsourcing the production. The design interface of the products must be handled properly to minimize cost in product designs. The design of a consumer product is not only the factory-made cost, but also the dominance of the quality and service delivered and how well they meet customer expectations. There is uncertainty in designing performance levels, what customer expect, and even in the final goals for the design (Barrow-man, 2002). What is the Product Life Cycles in Wal-Mart? The product life cycle is the period between the time products unveiled into the market until it withdraws from the market. Product development starts when a corporation develops a new product idea. During the introduction phase, a lot of money required for product upgrade and advertising. Product valuing is the crucial aspect during the development stage and product must become competitive, and the consumers automatically acquire the new product at a high price. Growth phase provides product satisfaction. Wal-Mart shows the product it offers and differentiates them from the rival products, modifying the products and product protection done by Licenses and copyrights. This takes place when product improves its customer confident through product differentiation and product availability to the market, providing discount and product cost. During this product phase, product matures, and the company makes high sales and return. Walmart has multi distribution channels which offer back distribution ways. During the decline phase, product maintenance cost of product is high than the initial profit gained. It is extremely difficult for a company to understand decline signal of the product and the life cycles of products at Walmart are varyi ng from 3 months to 2 years. Walmart provides are fast-moving consumer goods, which are durables and groceries which have short ledge lives (Hong, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How different Issues for Product Development applied in the Wal-Mart? There are several issues to be tackled during product development in Walmart. The change in demand of a product over a long time perhaps affects product life cycle. The issue of understanding the customer need and the economic changes may affect organization performance. These issues arise not only from handling the wide variety of products point of view, but continually striving for error free product, and create high customer satisfaction. The market regulates to meet the ever changing and unpredictable consumer market. Market mix contemplation should be appropriate for the firm, so that product growth adjusts (Ulrich, 20 01). Conclusion The product design considerably transforms the company perspective in respect to maintaining a competitive edge over its rival. Walmart has been able to sell products that sustain people and their environment through support of customers and communities around the world and product decisions are fast (Ulrich, 2001). References Barrowman, J. (2002). An Evaluation of Research on Integrated Product Development.  Management Science 48(7): 938–953. Hong, S. (2000). Balancing Concurrent Engineering Environmental Factors for Improved Product Development Performance. International Journal of Production Research 38(8): 1779–1800. Ulrich, K. T. (2001). Product Development Decisions: A Review of the Literature.  Management Science 47(1): 1–21. This essay on Walmart Design of Goods and Services was written and submitted by user Valeria Tanner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Therapeutic relationship Essays

Therapeutic relationship Essays Therapeutic relationship Essay Therapeutic relationship Essay Lago (2003: p54) states that Being misunderstood begets anger, frustration even hatred. By contrast, to be understood evokes trust, gratitude, exploration, love and aspiration. The use of language is absolutely central to the communication process and however much good intent there is, on both sides of a conversation, if misunderstandings persist then the potential for therapy is substantially diminished if not stopped altogether. Therefore as well as a means of communication language can form a boundary between two people, this is especially true in the therapeutic relationship. This does not only occur when the client and counsellor speak different first languages but also when they use the same language. Accents and usage of language vary throughout the U. K. ; this can lead to misunderstandings between the counsellor and the client. In certain parts of the country and with certain ages, swearing is readily accepted and used everyday. However, in other places and with other ages swearing is frowned upon. Language can also be a powerful weapon of oppression. If a client feels insecure, and the counsellor uses long and strange language, the client could feel intimidated and withdraw from the relationship. Therefore, language can be both freeing and constraining. Enabling because it allows us to express our feelings and opinions and communicate with others. Constraining because we cannot communicate with those who do not speak our language, it only allows the use of certain words for certain feelings. For example, the Eskimos have many different words for snow and sleet whereas in the U.  K. we have just those two. Therefore, if a counsellor has a client with a different first language it could be that the English equivalent does not really mean the same thing in their language. DIFFERING BELIEF SYSTEMS Belief systems are made up from many different parts of a persons psyche and can range from belief in religion to the belief in self. A persons outlook of religion will alter the way that they view the world. For example, I do not believe in any god and so when things happen I say that is life. However, in certain religions whichever god is being worshipped can be blamed or praised for the occurrence. In the counselling setting, the clients belief systems will affect the relationship. The client may believe for example that it is wrong to talk about certain issues and so if the issues are not talked about openly the relationship will falter, as congruence and honesty are a main component in the person centred approach. The counselling relationship is there in many cases to change the clients beliefs about their own self-image. For example, a client may believe that they are useless or worthless; this negative self-image will, hopefully, be changed throughout the counselling process so that the client lives a more fulfilled life. McLeod ( 2003: p484) states that there has been lively interest in the idea that all effective counsellors possess similar belief systems or ways of making sense of the world. The assumption is that counsellors are able to help people because they see the clients problems in a particular way. It could be then that as counsellors not only do we have our own beliefs but also we have certain commonalities that make us good at what we do. It is important to remember that there are two people in the therapeutic relationship and that they are both as important as each other. FAMILY PATTERNS All families no matter the size have patterns and positions. The family is affected not just by the size but the ages of its members and their genders. Adler looked more deeply into family patterns and found that those with different positions took on different roles and characteristics. Adler believed that a persons birth position and gender would influence their development and personality. For example, only children may be quite self-centred and unable to consider the needs of others unless reminded; middle children tend to feel squeezed out or sometimes held in, as they have neither the privileges of the eldest nor rights of a youngest. In addition, there is the difference in how we encourage our children according to their gender. For example, boys are encouraged to get dirty and go exploring and play a bit rough and big boys dont cry, whereas girls are encouraged to play with dolls and play nicely and to be clean and tidy. If a counsellor understands these issues, it may be easier for him to help the client. The relationship could be affected if the counsellor reminds the client of a member of their family that they did not get along with etc. this is also true of the counsellor. By understanding these issues, the counsellor could have more insight into the client and how the clients self-concept was formed. FAMILY LIFE EXPERIENCES The life experiences of the whole family will affect how a person develops and their outlook on life. For example if a client moved house as a child and found the experience unsettling and uncomfortable the client could later on develop problems dealing with loss and change. If the move was pleasant and the client settled into their new house, it is more likely that they will cope with change in a better way. All families have shared life experiences but each member of the family will remember different aspects of the event and be affected by it in different ways. For example a family my go on a holiday. The parents want to visit all the local sights and there is a lot of driving involved. The parents enjoy the driving because they like the countryside however, the kids cannot stand it because they are trapped in a car and prefer cities to the countryside. So even though all the family went to the same places and had the same experiences they all perceived the holiday in different ways. These events influence in later life and will affect all the relationships we have. Obviously, the relationship is one of the most important aspects in the P. C. approach to counselling.

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 11

Psychology - Essay Example Considering the argument brought forth by then article on then relationship between the hippocampus and the acquisition of independent memories, which do not rely on the hippocampus systems. It further questions the interference of the hippocampus with the retrieval of perfectly normal hippocampus dependent memory, which has been established in non-hippocampus systems. The authors go further to make working assumptions relating to disruption of memory that is not stored in hippocampus systems during the resumption of functionality by the hippocampus. This is backed with evidence from experiments on the temporary inhibition of the hippocampus, and the resulting inconclusive results on the outcome. The main aim of the article because of the experiments conducted is revealed that the loss of memory is affiliated failure in the establishment of a lasting fear memory. In order to prove its findings in relation to loss of memory and the hippocampus; the results of experiments conducted on animals are included and the inferences revealed. As a result, it is found that inactivation or loss of functionality of the hippocampus does not result in loss of memory, retrograde amnesia, the same way that the hippocampus can interfere with retrieval of memory. In order to arrive at their conclusions, the authors of the article conducted an experiment, and based it on what is already known to cause amnesia or failure in the retrieval of memory. As such, the sponsoring institution, University of Lethbridge, approved their experiment. The approval means that the experiment was done according to set guidelines in order to acquire accurate results for their hypothesis. With this in mind, the sample of animals used in the experiment involved the use of rats that were housed in a standard laboratory and facing all similar treatment and conditions. However, in the

International marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

International marketing - Essay Example In case of IM the firms looks to make their products available to the international customers. Therefore they have to deal with PESTLE factors of not only one but several other countries. Due to this factors such as tariff barriers, govt. regulations, etc. They also have to face competition from the international competitors also. But with high risk there are opportunities to earn high returns also in the form of growth, profitability, opportunity to earn economies of scale. The study looks to focus upon some of the key issue to be considered by a firm when the firm decides to enter the international market. The company to be discussed is Tesco PLC, the biggest retailer in the UK. During the course of study the probable strategies that could be adopted by the company to expand the business has been discussed using international strategic and marketing mix of Tesco (from an international, perspective), Porter’s diamond model, Uppsala model, country of origin effect and born glo bal model. Marketing Mix: 4P’s Framework The concept of marketing mix can be described as the set of manipulable marketing elements that can be used by the company to achieve organizational objectives. The marketing mix consists of four key elements. Neil Borden termed these manipulable elements as the ‘Marketing Mix’. In the early 1960’s he suggested 12 elements which the company should keep in mind while formulating marketing program. Then E. Jerome McCarthy delineated the marketing mix as the 4Ps of the marketing mix. In simple terms the elements of the marketing mix can be used to lay the much required foundation for the overall marketing strategy. Product Tesco is one of the major retailers in the world. It provides shelf space to the products of some of the major global brands. Along with this the company also provides private label branded products. The product ranges from fresh food, groceries, clothing and apparels, health and beauty products, ele ctronic garments. The vast ranges of products allow the company to target a wide range of customer segments starting from kids to adults. As the company product a vast product mix with lots of variation the company opts for brand positioning as compared to individual brand positioning. Price Tesco mainly uses market driven pricing. Here it is to be mentioned that with the rise in competition in the global retail market and the recent economic downturn has forced the retail companies to decrease the prices. A part form this the company also uses promotional pricing techniques, especially in case of clothing products. In the initial days the company adopted a market skimming strategy. Thus the company set high prices for the offerings. But once the competition increased the company had to adapt and shift to market driven pricing. Also the pricing strategy has been influenced by the economic conditions. The market driven pricing has been well punctuated by other pricing techniques such as promotional pricing. Place It is believed that the Tesco has one of the best distribution strategies. The key factor that influences the

Types and Significance of Evaluation of Training Program Essay Example for Free

Types and Significance of Evaluation of Training Program Essay Types and significance of evaluation of training program INTRODUCTION Training is vital for any and every organization. With the changing socio-economic and technological relevance of training, the definitions, scope, methods and evaluation of training program have also changed. One of the earlier classic definitions of training is ‘bringing lasting improvement in skills in jobs’. The present day definitions take a multi-dimensional perspective enveloping the needs of individuals, teams, organizations and the society. The steps in the training program development are planning, programme implementation, and programme evaluation and follow-up. The evaluation of any training system helps measure the’ knowledge gap’, what is defined by Riech as ‘the gap between what the trainer teaches and what the trainee learns’. Evaluations help to measure Reich’s gap by determining the value and effectiveness of a learning programme. It uses assessment and validation tools to provide data for the evaluation. Evaluation of training systems, programmes or courses tends to be a demand of a social, institutional or economic nature. A training program is not complete until you have evaluated methods and results. A key to obtaining consistent success with training programs is to have a systematic approach to measurement and evaluation. Training Evaluation Approach Evaluation methods should be determined based on the goals of the training process and should meet the demands of the various stakeholders involved. Every organization has multiple stakeholders and not everyone within the organization has the same information needs. Typically, organizational stakeholder groups include the training department, employees and business units. Their information requirements fall into two categories: whether the competencies have been learned and whether the learning has been applied toward improved performance. DEFINITION * Goldstein (1993) defines evaluation as the â€Å"systematic collection of descriptive and judgmental information necessary to make effective decisions related to selection, adoption, value and modification of various instructional activities†. * Kirkpatrick (1996) defines evaluation as determination of the effectiveness of a training programme. Evaluation of training as any attempt to obtain information on the effects of a training programme, and to assess the value of the training in the light of that information. * According to Van Dyk et al. (1997), definitions of evaluation have several implications: †¢ Evaluation is an ongoing process. It is not done at the end of course only. †¢ The evaluation process is directed towards a specific goal and objectives. †¢ Evaluation requires the use of accurate and appropriate measuring instruments to collect information for decision making. †¢ Evaluation is a form of quality control. Evaluation is not only concerned with the evaluation of students but with the wider training system as a whole. TYPES OF EVALUATION 1) Formation evaluation Formative evaluation Provides ongoing feedback to the curriculum designers and developers to ensure that what is being created really meets the needs of the intended audience. Formative Evaluation may be defined as any combination of measurements obtained and judgments made before or during the implementation of materials, methods, or programs to control, assure or improve the quality of program performance or delivery. * It answers such questions as, Are the goals and objectives suitable for the intended audience? Are the methods and materials appropriate to the event? Can the event be easily replicated? Formative evaluation furnishes information for program developers and implementers. * It helps determine program planning and implementation activities in terms of (1) target population, (2) program organization, and (3) program location and timing. * It provides short-loop feedback about the quality and implementation of program activities and thus becomes critical to establishing, stabilizing, and upgrading programs. ) Process evaluation Process evaluation provides information about what occurs during training. This includes giving and receiving verbal feedback. Process Evaluation answers the question, What did you do? It focuses on procedures and actions being used to produce results. * It monitors the quality of an event or project by various means. Traditionally, working as an onlooker, the evaluator describes this process and measures the results in oral and written reports. * Process evaluation is the most common type of training evaluation. It takes place during training delivery and at the end of the event. Most of you probably have done it in one form or another. The question we try to answer is What did you do? * Following is a sample list of the kinds of information collected to answer this question: * Demographic data (characteristics about participants and their physical location) * What was taught; how long it took * Whether or not the objectives were met * Who did what to whom, and when 3) Outcome evaluation Outcome evaluation determines whether or not the desired results (e. g. , what participants are doing) of applying new skills were achieved in the short-term. Outcome Evaluation answers the question, What happened to the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the intended population? * Specific and observable changes in behaviors that lead toward healthier or more productive lifestyles and away from problem-causing actions indicate a successful program. * For example, a successful project is one that is successful in causing a higher percentage of students to use condoms when†¦. This project would produce both outcomes and impacts. Outcome evaluation is a long-term undertaking. * Outcome evaluation answers the question, What did the participants do? * Because outcomes refer to changes in behavior, outcome evaluation data is intended to measure what training participants were able to do at the end of training and what they actually did back on the job or in their community as a result of the training. * 4. Impact evaluation Impact evaluation determines how the results of the training affect the strategic goal e. g. health promotion g oal of reducing the incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Impact Evaluation takes even longer than outcome evaluation and you may never know for sure that your project helped bring about the change. The focus is on changes that have occurred in key social indicators which are used to gauge the levels of problem occurrence. * Examples of impacts are reduction in the incidence of HIV/AIDS; increase in condom use among students * Impacts occur through an accumulation of outcomes. Impact evaluation is meant to answer the question, How what did was taught in the training affect the problem? (Think back on the problem statements you developed. * Impact evaluation tries to measure whether or not training has affected the initial problem you identified. In other words, an impact evaluation is meant to assess the extent to which what was learned is making a difference at the community level, or targeted groups, or beneficiaries of the intervention Though this type of evaluation usually tak es a long time and costs a lot of money, it is the type that really focuses, for instance, on assessing whether or not there has been a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of specific problems in the community. * The idea here is that the impact of training will hopefully be far reaching and make a difference in peoples lives. Need for Evaluation Since evaluation is an integral part of the whole process of training and development the details have to be conceived much before the actual training activity; rather-than its ritualistic tagging at the end of training. The trainer should be fairly clear of: How to evaluate What to evaluate When to evaluate Answers to these questions are dependent on the need for evaluation. Why Should A Training Program Be Evaluated? * To identify the program’s strengths and weaknesses. * To assess whether content, organization, and administration of the program contribute to learning and the use of training content on the job. To identify which trainees benefited most or least from the program. * To gather data to assist in marketing training programs. * To determine the financial benefits and costs of the programs. * To compare the costs and benefits of training versus non-training investments. * To compare the costs and benefits of different training programs to choose the best program. P rinciples of Evaluation Schuman, E. A. describes evaluation as an integral part of an operating system meant to aid trainers/ training managers to plan and adjust their training activities in an attempt to increase the probability of achieving the desired action or goals. In order to integrate training practices with business policy and objectives evaluation has to be based on sound principles such as: 1. Trainer/ Evaluator must be clear about the purpose of evaluation to be able to set the standards and criteria of evaluation. 2. For an objective evaluation, the methodology and criteria of evaluation should be based on observable and as far as possible measurable standards of assessment which have been agreed upon by the evaluators and the users of the training system. 3. Evaluation has to be accepted as a process than an end product of training. 4. As a process, it has to be continuous. The ‘one-spot’ assessment cannot guide trainers for improving subsequent programmes, therefore it has to begin before the actual training activity and end much after the conclusion of visible training activity. 5. The training objectives should be an outcome of overall organizational goals to permit tangible evaluation of training results. 6. Evaluation data should be directive rather than conclusive. It must be comprehensive enough to guide trainers in the collection of information that will enable them to comment on current training effectiveness and to improve subsequent training. . A good evaluation system is tailor-made and should provide specific data about its strength and weakness. Generalizations drawn from one training activity may be in-applicable for training across different levels and to meet different standards. Besides, they should refrain from using single instances for conclusions and generalizations. 8. A good evaluative system should provide sufficien t scope for self- appraisal by the trainer/ evaluator. 9. The Evaluative data should try to balance quantitative and qualitative information. 10. Role of the evaluator needs tone based on sound working relationship with the participants, trainers, senior line managers and policy makers. Normally a researcher or a fresher is attached to the trainer to carry out end of the course evaluation. This evaluator may have the expertise of developing and designing-evaluative tools and techniques but it would be insufficient in promoting utilization of evaluation results. Evaluator’s acceptance by the participants and interpersonal sensitivity and trust for frank sharing of feedback is a must. This would modify their role as one of giving and receiving feedback rather than just receiving feedback. They have to be proactive than argumentative. 11. Effective communication and coordination are essential. Training and evaluation plans should be discussed so that there is commonality of purpose amongst the trainers, the evaluators and those sponsoring the trainees. 12. Reporting system of evaluative data should be simple, clear, adequate and available for interpretation. It requires the, evaluator to be sensitive to the feelings of the guidance, has to be tactful and honest. As far as possible terminology used should be concise and free from jargons. 13. Realistic targets must be set. A sense of urgency no doubt is desirable but deadline that are unrealistically high will result in poor quality. 14. Finally, a trainer who is sincere about training, evaluation would always insist on complete, objective and continuous feedback on the progress and deficiencies of training to be able to maintain the momentum of the training Programme, its evaluation and subsequent improvement. Benefits of Evaluation †¢ Improved quality of training activities Improved ability of the trainers to relate inputs to outputs †¢ Better discrimination of training activities between those that are worthy of support and those that should be dropped †¢ Better integration of training offered and on-the job development †¢ Better co-operation between trainers and line-managers in the development of staff †¢ Evidence of the contribution that training and development are making to the organization. Kirkpatricks Four-Level Training Evaluation Model The four levels of Kirkpatricks evaluation model essentially measure: 1. Reaction of student what they thought and felt about the training 2. Learning the resulting increase in knowledge and/or capability 3. Behavior extent of behavior and capability improvement and implementation/application 4. Results the effects on the business or environment resulting from the trainees performance Level 1 Evaluation Reactions This level measures how participants in a training program react to the training. Every program should at least be evaluated at this level to answer questions regarding the learners perceptions and improve training. This level gains knowledge about whether the participants liked the training and if it was relevant to their work. Negative reactions reduce the possibility of learning. Evaluation tools: †¢ Program evaluation sheets †¢ Face-to-face interviews †¢ Participant comments throughout the training †¢ Ability of the course to maintain interest †¢ Amount and appropriateness of interactive exercises †¢ Ease of navigation in Web-based and computer-based training †¢ Participants perceived value and transferability to the workplace This type of evaluation is inexpensive and easy to administer using interaction with the participants, paper forms and online forms. Level 2 Evaluation Learning Level 2 evaluations are conducted before training (pre-test) and after training (post-test) to assess the amount of learning that has occurred due to a training program. Level 2 evaluations assess the extent learners have advanced in knowledge, skills or attitude. Level 2 evaluation methods range from self-assessment to team assessment to informal to formal assessment. Evaluation tools †¢ Individual pre- and post-training tests for comparisons †¢ Assessment of action based learning such as work-based projects and role-plays †¢ Observations and feedback by peers, managers and instructors. Level 3: Behavior Level 3 involves the extent to which learners implement or transfer what they learned. This level differentiates between knowing the principles and techniques and using them on the job. Potential methodologies include formal testing or informal observation. This level of evaluation takes place post-training when the learners have returned to their jobs and is used to determine whether the skills are being used and how well. It typically involves contact with the learner and someone closely involved with the learner, such as the learners supervisor. Evaluation tools: †¢ Individual pre- and post-training tests or surveys Face-to-face interviews †¢ Observations and feedback from others †¢ Focus groups to gather information and share knowledge. Level 4 Evaluation- Results This evaluation measures the success of the training program in term that executives and managers can understand such as increased production, increased sales, decreased costs, improved quality, reduced f requency of accidents, higher profits or return on investment, positive changes in management style or in general behavior, increase in engagement levels of direct ports and favorable feedback from customers, peers and subordinates. Methods of Evaluation of Training Programs: It is extremely important to assess the result of any training program. The participant must be made aware of the goals and objectives of the training program and on completion of the training program, they should be asked about the impact of the concerned training program. Evaluation of any program is a difficult task and more so of a training program. The first step toward evaluation of a training program is to define the goals and objectives of the training program. These goals and objectives should be stated in such format so that they can be measured statistically. Also both the trainer and the trainees most be well acquainted with their role in the training Program In the evaluation of any training program. The first requirement is to collect valid and reliable data. The required data can be collected by using the fowling techniques. (12) 1. Self assessments answer sheets. 2. Question confronted by the trainees. 3. Assessing the collected information and observation. 4. Final result based on earlier information plus the new data Each method of data collection has its advantages and disadvantages. Which need to taken into Consideration? The merits and demerits of each method are as follows. Merits of Self Assessment: 1. The cost factor is quite low. 2. Data can easily collect. 3. Time consumption of the trainer and trainee is negligible. 4. Outside interference is completely avoided. 5. Effective relationships develop between the trainees. 6. Well designed answer sheet can produce healthy results. Demerits of Self Assessment: 1. Self assessment is basically self evaluation which can be based of biased responses. The assessment must have enough reliability so as to draw right conclusion in regard to individual assessment. . The responses given by the trainees can be based on misrepresentation or misinterpretation of the questions asked. Thus self assessment questions should be small and easy to understand . in addition . no information should be sleeked which will embarrass the trainees. 3. The information provided by the trainees cannot be evaluated in terms of their correctness. All the trainees do not prefer to gi ve the required information lest it may be used against at any point of time. All these problems can be easily solved. Self assessment is basically adhered to by all the training programs. However what is important to consider is to make proper effective use of this technique as the trainees provide valuable information which the trainer can use to formulate training strategy. The second requirement for evaluating a training program is concerned with the evaluation of the training program when part of the training program has been completed. The time factor must be decided before the program is initiated and the evaluation criteria must be determined before the training program begins. The first evaluation will give adequate information to the trainers whither the program moving toward write direction. At the same time trainees will be able to assess the value of the program in terms of its needs and usefulness. It is extremely important to realize whether the trainees have understood the need and importance of the training program. As this stage adequate data should be collected from the trainees to make proper evaluation of the training program. The collect data, interview and questionnaire methods can be most effective. Interviews can be conducted by seeking information face to face, by means of telephone, or by other strategies like group discussions etc. Each of these methods has its own merits and demerits. Merits of Interviews: 1. Face to face interviews ensure some response, if any responses need to be clarified. The trainer can do so instantly. Similarly if the trainees want any clarification, the same can do immediately. This helps in ensuring correct information. 2. As far telephone interviews are concerned though there is lack of personnel touch. The trainee does not feel the pressure of the interviewer to give answers that suit the trainer. The trainer can answer all those question that are complex in nature. These answers have far more validity as the responses are without any pressure. Demerits of Interviews: 1. The interview is a lengthy and costly process as it requires trained and skilled personal to get results that are reliable. 2. Another important drawback is the possibility of the trainer being involved in the interview. 3. Data collected through interview methods may be out of date and hence difficult to interpret. A primary survey was done using a detailed questionnaire as a tool. The survey helped in establishing an understanding f all the four levels of evaluation – reaction, learning, changes and results. The survey used the entire population of participants who attended the training programs of the Institution over the selected three years. The institution on an average trained 3000 participants every year from across the country in its 100 training programs per year. The questionnaire had three main parts – I. Personal details to build the profile of the pa rticipants; II. ‘Effectiveness of Program’ was studied with key questions on whether the objectives of rural development were met within the program. The participants were asked to rate the program content and design on the basic inputs of knowledge, skills and attitudes. III. ‘Professional relevance of training’ was evaluated with key questions asking how relevant the program content was for meeting the local needs and whether there was enough practical application which could be used for working or transferring the knowledge to functionaries further down the line. It also probed whether the learning could be shared with other colleagues in the organization and lastly whether the course had helped in the organizational performance. Merits and Demerits of Questionnaire Questionnaires in one form or another do appear in all kinds of research and surveys. Hence it is extremely vital that the questionnaire is framed with utmost care so that it measures the variable inexactly the way it has been designed for. Once the initial design has been properly framed, a pre _ test must be conducted to find out whether the questions mean the same thing to the trainer and the trainee if found inappropriate the questionnaire should be redesigned and a pilot survey should be conducted. If found appropriate. Full survey should be conducted and if found inappropriate the questionnaire should be redesigned again. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire should be properly evaluated before going in for full survey. In regard to collection of data. It may be observed, â€Å"As with any method of data collection it is vital to plan how the data is to be collected. However with this method, since it does not usually involve the design of some sort of formal survey instrument such as questionnaire. It is all too easy to leap straight in without a plan. This can lead to a considerable waste of time and without a plan. This can lead to a considerable waste of time and even worse the wrong data being collected-so the message is plan and design your desk research in the same way as you would any more formal survey. † Database: In the first instance, the database of 9000 participants was cleaned for missing names and incomplete addresses. The questionnaire was then posted to all the participants together with a stamped self-addressed envelope. Three reminders were also posted over a period of three months to the trainees who had not replied. Questionnaires were also posted to e-mail ids wherever available. The replies received were tabulated in the SPSS format and analyzed. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE TRAINING EVALUATION * Lewis and Thorn hill, (1994) state that evaluation results that do not reflect positive changes or positive results may be a function of an incorrect decision to conduct training. This decision may have been taken higher in the organization’s hierarchy. Companies fail to do training evaluations correctly and thus do not obtain valid business or performance results (Sims, 1993). * According to Mann (1996) the question of what to evaluate is crucial to the evaluation strategy. The failure of training programme evaluations can be attributed to inadequate planning or design, lack of objectivity, evaluation errors of one sort or another, improper interpretation of results and inappropriate use of results and lack of sponsorships and lack of budget (Abernathy, 1999;Goldstein, 1993; Sims, 1993). ISSUES OR DILEMMAS IN EVALUATING TRAINING PROGRAMS A. Perceptions and attitudes of learners about evaluation. For example, trainees seem to respond best to evaluation when: The instrument or technique is clear, sensible, agreed on (or expected), well-planned, and integrated in the training design; and they understand the purpose of evaluation and see it as part of the training process. B. Is learning measurable, Observable? Can we measure or â€Å"objectify† the important leanings? C. Is training cost effective? Example: Does it increase roductivity, reduce absenteeism, lower turnover? D. Confidentiality and other uses of evaluation Ethical uses? E. Who can really measure adult learning but the learner? F. Systems-level evaluation of programs: The pilot phase The model phase The institutionalization phase FOLLOW UP: A COMPONENT OF EVALUATION A. Evaluation of Training on the Job Behavioral change Results of application B. Help in Practical Applications External services such as coaching consultancy Help by superiors and colleagues C. Further Personal Development On-the-job Further training courses D. Liaison with Former Participants Personal contacts Associations Information and conferences Alumni peer mentor in. Assessing the costs and benefits of training To conduct a thorough evaluation of a training program, it is important to assess the costs and benefits associated with the program. This is difficult to do but may he important for showing top management the value of training for the organization. For example, in one case, the net return of a training program for bank supervisors was calculated to be $148,400 over a 5-years period. Generally, a utility model would be used to estimate the value of training (benefits minus costs). Some of the costs that should be measured for the training program include needs assessment costs, salaries of training designers, purchase of equipment (computers, video, handouts), program development costs, evaluation costs, trainers’ costs (e. g. , salaries, travel, lodging, meals), facilities rental, trainee wages during training, and other trainee costs (e. g. , travel, lodging, meals). It is important to compare the benefits of the training program with its costs. One benefit that should be estimated is the dollar payback associated with the improvement in trainees’ performance after receiving training. Since the results of the experimental design will indicate any differences in behavior between whose trained and those untrained, the HR professional can estimate for that particular group of employees (e. g. managers, engineers) what this difference is worth in terms of the salaries of those employees. Another factor that should be considered when estimating the benefits of training is the duration of the training’s impact-that is, the length of time during which the improved performance will be maintained. While probably no programmes will show benefits forever, those that do incur longer-term improved performance will have greater value to the organization. Conclusion The Evaluation of any training program has certain aims to fulfill. These are concerned with the determination of change in the organizational behavior and the change needed in the organizational structure. Hence evaluation of any training program must inform us whether the training program has been able to deliver the goals and objectives in terms of cost incurred and benefits achieved. The analysis of the information is the concluding part of any evaluation program. The analysis of data should be summarized and then compared with the data of other training programs similar nature. On the basis of these comparisons, problems and strength should be identified which would help the trainer in his future training programs.

Native American Relations with The United States Essay -- Exploratory

Native American Relations with The United States What were the significant treaties, policies, and events that defined US Government and Native American Relations? How did the Native American respond to these treaties, polices, and events historically? How did these treaties, policies, and events affect the subsistence, religion, political, and social structures of the Native American people? I will answer these questions through the examination of two centuries of US history in six time periods that define clear changes in the relationship between the Native American and the US Government. Formative period 1780 -1825 One of the critical tasks that faced the new nation of the United States was establishing a healthy relationship with the Native Americans (Indians). â€Å"The most serious obstacle to peaceful relations between the United States and the Indians was the steady encroachment of white settlers on the Indian lands. The Continental Congress, following [George] Washington’s suggestion, issued a proclamation prohibiting unauthorized settlement or purchase of Indian land.† (Prucha, 3) Many of the Indian tribes had entered into treaties with the French and British and still posed a military threat to the new nation. The new US Government was careful not to antagonize the Indians and sought to treat them with mutual respect. This is evidenced in early treaties where the term â€Å"Red Brothers† was used to convey this sentiment of equality. By 1800 interaction between the Indian and white settlers had become quite common through trade. Many Indians traded for household goods, traps and tools. The US became concerned about the cultural differences and sought to improve the Indian station in life by providi... ...ll as the opportunity like the Seminole to develop a culture rich in tradition and assimilation that fosters a self-reliant people. Sources Cited American Indian Research and Policy Institute, â€Å"Framework of tribal sovereignty†, URL: http://www.airpi/org/marge1.html, 1998 Bailey Thomas A., Kennedy David M, The American Pageant: A History of the Republic 10th ed , Lexington, Massachusetts, D.C. Heath and Company,1994. Brown, Dee, Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West, New York, Bantam Press,1970 Josephy, Alvin M, The American Heritage Book of Indians, New York, American Heritage Publishing Co,1961 Prucha, Francis Paul, Documents of United States Indian Policy, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press,1990 Schlesinger, Arthur M, The Almanac of American History, New York,Brompton Books Corporation,1993

Is the film version of ‘Of Mice and Men’ inferior to the original novel Essay

‘Of Mice and Men’ was written in 1937 during the great depression, by John Steinbeck. Steinbeck was born in 1902 in California; some of his other novels are The Red Pony, Cup of Gold, To a God Unknown, In Dubious Battle, Canary Row, Sweet Thursday and various others. After months of ill health, John Steinbeck died of heart failure in December 1968 and is buried in Salinas, California. The film was directed by Gary Sinise, and runs for approximately 115 minutes and was made in the USA. Of Mice and Men is suitable for adaptation as the plot line is not too complicated and the scenes will be relatively easy to make, on the other hand there are several problems, a various amount of the scenes in the book cannot be adapted for the film, such as when Lennie hallucinates by the river. The opening sequence opens with George and Lennie’s escape from Weed, this is set in a big open field, with vibrant colours this will get the audiences attention as vibrant colours give the impression of danger. The camera starts of in a long shot, this is important as it shows the audience her ripped dress, then the camera zooms in to a close up to show the tears and fear on her face. The opening in the film is much more dramatic to the one of the novel, the director choose the include this section because it gives a contrast from George being in a combined place on the train, to having dramatic colours and wide open space, this makes the film more dramatic and exciting for the audience. In the novel Curley’s wife and Curley are never seen together, they are always looking for each other, the incident with Crooks is not included. In the film Curley’s wife does not have red mules, and is not heavily made up, she is wearing white and pink this gives her the look of femininity and innocence, which will give a different portrayal of the character to the novel. She is always seen in doorways, for example when she sees George, the camera uses a mid shot so the audience can see both their reactions, Curleys wife is looking outside like she is looking out for Curley, she is giving him no eye contact this shows us that she is not trying to lead him on. George is giving her eye contact, this might be making her feel nervous as she starts the fiddle with her dress. In the novel she is shown as being a dangerous, flirty character whereas in the film she is made to be totally different, the director has chosen to portray her sympathetically this is because this will enforce more of a reaction when she dies, this makes the audience feel sympathy for her. George and Lennie are presented with more sympathy in the film than the novel, the novel is less extreme. When Lennie has the fight with Curley the camera is in mid shot and Lennie is sitting down, this makes him look more vulnerable. The director uses a strong use of sound in the scenes of the fight, the punches are made to sound loud, this can make the audience relate to Lennie. A close up is then on Georges face to show his concern for Lennie, then a extreme close up of Lennie is used, this is very dramatic way of showing a characters emotions, the audience can see Lennie’s angry eyes and almost makes the audience feel scared as he has blood on his face when he is breaking Curley’s hand, this makes the film superior the reading the novel as the camera shots and sound can make more of an effect on the audience and makes Lennie and George more three dimensional, whereas the novel makes them seem more one dimensional. The beginning of the novel is very different as Steinbeck sets the scene in clear detail, he creates a peaceful atmosphere by using nature ‘the leaves lie so deep and so crisp that a lizard makes a great skittering if he runs among them’. Unlike the novel the film shows an exciting and tense atmosphere. At the beginning of the film the director chooses to show George on a train, this scene is not included in the book because it would only work in a film, the director uses a haunting shilling melody lingering in the background, the camera shot focuses on a lonely figure crouched in the corner. By using this scene at the beginning it grabs the audience’s attention and a spirited mood is set in the audience, he sets a stark contrast between that scene and the one that follows. This scene shows George sitting in the dark, which shows more about him than in the novel it shows that George is in the dark. The film relates to Steinbeck descriptive prose well, but some scenes could have been presented more like the book. In my opinion the film does do the film justice, but some characters could have been presented more like the characters in the book, for example Curley’s wife, she is presented to be a flirty and dangerous character in the book and presented as a feminine vulnerable character in the film. The scenes are set in different ways but are successful in giving the audience the same amount of emotion as in the novel. The scenes that are in the novel that are not included in the film are not important and they are replaced with scene of the same importance that are easier to make. Overall the film is a good adaptation of the novel.

The Brotherhood of Thieves - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 804 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Slavery Essay Did you like this example? The abolitionist movement in the early 1800s caused disagreement over the morality of slavery and played a vital role on peoples religious beliefs and how they manage to justify their actions. Religious leaders convinced Americans that religion was central to the American culture, and without religion there couldnt be a system of morals and ethics (Dyer). However, people were reevaluating their religion and how it played a role with slavery. Historians have questioned whether the abolitionist movement of the 1830s and early 1840s was a success or a failure  (Robert A. Divine, The Pursuit of Perfection). This position implied that blacks should be granted equality as American citizens, so it ran up against the white supremacy prevailing in all parts of the country  (Robert A. Divine, The Pursuit of Perfection). Advocates were Christians who felt the Bible strongly supported their stance on the slavery issue, and Christian abolitionists believed the Bible condemns slavery. Both Christian abolitionists and advocates for slavery utilized the same book and Christian principles to support their arguments either for or against the institution of slavery yet came to two very different conclusions. Stephen Symonds Foster and J.D.B. DeBow spoke about slavery and had different view points on the topic. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Brotherhood of Thieves" essay for you Create order The Brotherhood of Thieves (1843), was written by Stephen Symonds Foster who left the church because he felt what they were doing was illegal, and by accepting slavery then you must admit that morals are subjective by God.   Stephen Foster was a key leader in the abolitionists movement in the 1800s. In his speech Foster argues that the church and clergy were guilty of theft, adultery, man-stealing, piracy, and murder because they were slaveholders and was using the church to hide behind. J.D.B. DeBow, was an editor of the DeBows Review and saw no reason for slaves not to be used as the main workforce in an industrial revolution (Slaves and Masters). Debow used several biblical quotes and characters from the Bible that provide the readers with a strong reasoning to defended the institution of slavery. Using references from the bible, allowed Debow to twist the interpretation of the Bible to justify slavery and show that God did not condemn slave owners. DeBow was clever on how he defended slavery and presented it as Gods own will by using various parts of both the Old and New testament to justify slavery as not only acceptable but ordained by God. Although De Bow argues slavery has occurred in the Old and New Testament for centuries, his use of religion in his argument for slavery reflected no important content. The biggest danger of biblical interpretation is ignoring the context of a passage. The authors of the bible wrote with great literary devices presenting metaphors for larger ideas. If interpreters always took the literal meaning, society would be guided by false ideas and untrue laws that God attempted to convey.  Ã‚   In the bible, slaves are not kidnapped and forced into labor, slaves sold themselves into slavery to settle their debts. Slavery was based upon social class not based on race during that time. In the Bible, some people wanted to be slaves so that they could be taken care of by their masters. Some of the Israelites indicated that life was better as slaves in Egypt because, at least there, they were getting food, water and housing as opposed to the wilderness, where not much was given.The slave masters in the 1800s used bible verses as a scapegoat for believing that it was okay to have slaves on their land and mistreated the slaves and did not treat them with respect as the bible said. In other words, involuntary slavery was a capital offense and was unbiblical. Slavery was eventually abolished in 1865 but not before many more lives were lost and many more battles fought. The abolishment did not end the inequality that African Americans still must face even to this day. One issue today is determining if the Confederate monuments represent white supremacy and everything they stood for should be taken down, or should the monuments stand as a reminder of how this nation acted with such hatred towards other individuals. Just like Foster and Debow this has caused much heated debate among individuals and people have taken it upon themselves to persuade the public of their opinion on the subject. Slavery was only one battle on the road to equality for all. Society still has many obstacles and prejudices to overcome if we ever wish to be truly equal and united as a country. The race card cannot be thrown out in every circumstance, but neither can the stereotypes that every race has drilled into their mind about another. Peace can only come with listening, understanding, and acting intelligently on the information we learn everyday as a nation.